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Kits de servidor

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Tu servidor es la mitad de la integración que guarda los secretos. El kit de servidor envuelve la biblioteca de Lingara de tu lenguaje, de modo que inicia sesión con tu cliente OAuth y emite tokens para tus jugadores, comprueba los webhooks que te envía Lingara y elimina a los jugadores cuando se van. Los ejemplos de abajo siguen los mismos pasos en cada lenguaje.

Crear un cliente por consumo

Crea un cliente OAuth en la consola y ponlo en el plan por consumo. Dale embed:mint, el scope que emite tokens y elimina jugadores. A un cliente con cualquier otro plan se le deniega ese scope. Dale también cada scope que quieras que lleven los tokens de tus jugadores, porque un token solo puede tener scopes que tenga tu cliente. embed:mint en sí nunca se entrega a un jugador.

Guarda el ID y el secreto del cliente en el entorno de tu servidor, nunca en un juego ni en una página.

Registrar tus orígenes web

Un widget para sitios web necesita un token vinculado al origen de la página. En la consola, enumera en la configuración de tu cliente cada origen en el que se ejecuta tu widget, como https://www.example.com. Puedes enumerar como máximo 10. Un origen es un esquema, un host y un puerto opcional, sin ruta. Para desarrollo también se permite un origen de loopback en un puerto propio, como http://localhost:5173. Un token solo se acepta desde el origen exacto para el que se emitió, así que la API rechaza un token emitido para cualquier otro origen. Un juego no necesita origen.

Emitir un token

Emite detrás de tu propio inicio de sesión: tu ruta de tokens comprueba primero tu propia sesión y solo entonces emite para ese jugador. Limita la frecuencia de la ruta por sesión. Una solicitud de emisión admite tres campos:

  • player_ref: tu propia referencia del jugador, de 1 a 128 bytes de UTF-8. Lingara solo almacena un hash de ella.
  • scopes: como máximo 5, de entre los que puede tener el token de un jugador: events:read, events:write, lesson_plans:read, lesson_plans:write y embed:play. Si lo omites, el token tiene todos los que tenga tu cliente.
  • origin: para un sitio web, el origen de la página, que debe ser uno que hayas registrado. Omítelo para un juego.

La respuesta contiene token, expires_at, expires_in (la misma caducidad en segundos, para un dispositivo en cuyo reloj no puedes confiar), subject, los scopes del token y account_linked, que indica si el jugador ha vinculado su propia cuenta de Lingara. subject identifica al jugador ante tu cliente, y cada evento sobre él lo lleva.

Entrega al jugador el token y su caducidad exactamente como los escribe la función de entrega del kit, a través de tu propia sesión y nunca en una URL, y envía la respuesta con Cache-Control: no-store. El kit de jugador vuelve a pedirlo cuando el token se acerca a su caducidad; un token nunca se renueva.

Enrutar un webhook a su jugador

Lingara firma cada webhook que te envía. Pasa al kit el cuerpo sin procesar de la petición, antes de cualquier análisis de JSON, porque la firma cubre sus bytes. El kit comprueba la firma y busca el jugador que nombra el subject del evento en una tabla propia, junto a tus jugadores, que asigna cada subject a tu player_ref. Un jugador que vincula una cuenta tiene dos subjects, así que mantén única la columna de subject y deja que un mismo player_ref aparezca dos veces.

La entrega es al menos una vez: omite un ID de evento que ya hayas procesado. Responde en un plazo de 10 segundos y pon cualquier tarea lenta en una cola propia.

Eliminar a un jugador

Desde tu propio flujo de eliminación de cuentas, elimina al jugador por su player_ref. Lingara revoca cada token que tiene el jugador y elimina todo lo que almacena de él. Eliminar a un jugador desconocido también tiene éxito, así que la llamada se puede repetir con seguridad. Eliminar tus propios datos sigue siendo tarea tuya.

Un jugador que trae su propia cuenta de Lingara

Un jugador con su propia cuenta de Lingara puede vincularla, para que su práctica y sus planes queden en esa cuenta. Ningún kit envuelve esto todavía; son dos llamadas a la API desde tu servidor.

Tu servidor ejecuta el flujo de código de autorización con el mismo cliente que emite, usando PKCE: el jugador inicia sesión y da su consentimiento en su navegador, nunca dentro de tu juego, y tu servidor intercambia el código con su secreto. Pide en ese consentimiento embed:play y cada scope con el que emites, e incluye events:read, o no sabrás nada del jugador una vez que haya vinculado su cuenta.

Después llama a linkEmbedPlayer con el token delegado que devolvió ese intercambio, nunca con el token propio de tu cliente. Su respuesta contiene:

  • status: linked cuando esta llamada creó el vínculo, existing cuando ya estaba activo;
  • subject, el subject de la cuenta, que llevan a partir de ahora los eventos del jugador;
  • previous_subject, el subject del invitado, que conservan sus eventos anteriores;
  • linked_at, cuándo se creó el vínculo;
  • scopes, lo máximo que puede tener ahora un token para este jugador;
  • carried, las filas que esta llamada movió a la cuenta, por tabla;
  • kept, las filas que dejó con el invitado, como un plan que aún se está escribiendo.

Un vínculo se puede repetir con seguridad, y una repetición termina de mover lo que indica kept. Enruta los eventos que lleven cualquiera de los dos subjects al mismo player_ref. Tu siguiente emisión para el jugador devuelve account_linked como true, y sigues pagando por lo que hace el jugador.

Para terminar un vínculo, llama a unlinkEmbedPlayer con el token propio de tu cliente. Nada vuelve al invitado. Un aprendiz también puede terminar el vínculo por sí mismo, quitando tu aplicación en Apps conectadas.

Lenguaje del ejemplo de código

TypeScript

npm i @lingara/embed@0.1.0-alpha.6 @lingara/api

Rust

cargo add lingara-embed@0.1.0-alpha.6 --features server
cargo add lingara tokio --features tokio/full

Go

go get github.com/Spinning-Cat-Studios/lingara_embeddable_sdk/go@v0.1.0-alpha.6

Java

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.getlingara</groupId>
  <artifactId>lingara-embed-server-java</artifactId>
  <version>0.1.0-alpha.6</version>
</dependency>

Kotlin

implementation("com.getlingara:lingara-embed-server-kotlin:0.1.0-alpha.6")

Ruby

gem install lingara-embed -v 0.1.0-alpha.6
# or, in a Gemfile:
# gem "lingara-embed", "0.1.0-alpha.6"

PHP

composer require spinningcatstudios/lingara-embed:0.1.0-alpha.6 spinningcatstudios/lingara:@alpha
# The lingara library sends through Symfony HttpClient (or Guzzle 7):
composer require symfony/http-client nyholm/psr7

C#

<PackageReference Include="Lingara.Embed.Server" Version="0.1.0-alpha.6" />
Lenguaje del ejemplo de código

TypeScript

const lingara = new Lingara({ clientId: process.env.LINGARA_CLIENT_ID, clientSecret: process.env.LINGARA_CLIENT_SECRET })
const server = new EmbedServer(lingara, { directory })

// POST /lingara/token, behind your own sign-in. Rate-limit it per session.
export async function token(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
  const user = await signedInUser(request)
  if (user === null) return new Response(null, { status: 401 })
  const minted = await server.mintToken(user.id, { origin: 'https://www.example.com' })
  return new Response(tokenHandoff(minted), { headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json', 'cache-control': 'no-store' } })
}

Rust

/// `POST /lingara/token`: your own route, behind your own session, and
/// rate-limited per session. The widget calls it with same-origin cookies.
pub async fn token_route(State(app): State<AppState>, headers: HeaderMap) -> impl IntoResponse {
    let Some(player_ref) = current_player(&headers) else {
        return (StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, [(header::CACHE_CONTROL, "no-store")], String::new());
    };
    // This page's origin, one of your client's embed origins. A game's own
    // server mints without one.
    let options = MintOptions { origin: Some("https://game.example".into()), ..MintOptions::default() };
    match app.embed.mint_token(&player_ref, options).await {
        // {"token":"lgr_et_…","expires_at":"…"}
        Ok(minted) => (StatusCode::OK, [(header::CACHE_CONTROL, "no-store")], token_handoff(&minted)),
        Err(_) => (StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY, [(header::CACHE_CONTROL, "no-store")], String::new()),
    }
}

Go

// POST /lingara/token: your own route, behind your own session, and
// rate-limited per session. The widget calls it with same-origin cookies.
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	playerRef, ok := currentPlayer(r) // your user, never a value from the request body
	if !ok {
		http.Error(w, "sign in first", http.StatusUnauthorized)
		return
	}
	minted, err := embed.MintToken(r.Context(), playerRef, lingaraembed.MintOptions{
		Origin: "https://game.example", // this page's origin, one of your client's embed origins
	})
	if err != nil {
		http.Error(w, "no token", http.StatusBadGateway)
		return
	}
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
	_, _ = w.Write(lingaraembed.TokenHandoff(minted)) // {"token":"lgr_et_…","expires_at":"…"}
}

Java

import com.getlingara.client.LingaraClient;
import com.getlingara.client.MintedToken;
import com.getlingara.embed.server.EmbedServer;
import com.getlingara.embed.server.MintOptions;
import com.getlingara.embed.server.PlayerDirectory;
import com.getlingara.embed.server.TokenHandoff;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpExchange;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

// Once, at startup. The credentials are your metered client's (lgr_ci_…,
// lgr_cs_…), from the environment; never ship them to a device.
LingaraClient client =
    LingaraClient.builder()
        .clientCredentials(
            System.getenv("LINGARA_CLIENT_ID"), System.getenv("LINGARA_CLIENT_SECRET"))
        .build();
EmbedServer embed = EmbedServer.of(client, players);

// POST /lingara/token: your own route, behind your own login, rate-limited
// per session. Every call is one mint; the widget calls it with
// same-origin cookies.
String playerId = currentPlayer(exchange);
if (playerId == null) {
  exchange.sendResponseHeaders(401, -1);
  return;
}
MintedToken minted =
    embed.mintToken(playerId, MintOptions.none().withOrigin("https://game.example"));
byte[] body = TokenHandoff.body(minted).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Content-Type", "application/json");
exchange.getResponseHeaders().set("Cache-Control", "no-store");
exchange.sendResponseHeaders(200, body.length); // {"token":"lgr_et_…","expires_at":"…"}
exchange.getResponseBody().write(body);
exchange.close();

Kotlin

import com.getlingara.embed.server.kotlin.EmbedServer
import com.getlingara.embed.server.kotlin.PlayerDirectory
import com.getlingara.embed.server.kotlin.tokenHandoff
import com.getlingara.kotlin.LingaraClient
import io.ktor.http.ContentType
import io.ktor.http.HttpHeaders
import io.ktor.http.HttpStatusCode
import io.ktor.server.response.header
import io.ktor.server.response.respond
import io.ktor.server.response.respondText
import io.ktor.server.routing.Route
import io.ktor.server.routing.post

// Once, at startup. The credentials are your metered client's (lgr_ci_…,
// lgr_cs_…), from the environment; never ship them to a device.
val client =
    LingaraClient {
        clientCredentials(System.getenv("LINGARA_CLIENT_ID"), System.getenv("LINGARA_CLIENT_SECRET"))
    }
val embed = EmbedServer(client, players)

// POST /lingara/token: your own route, behind your own login, rate-limited
// per session. Every call is one mint; the widget calls it with
// same-origin cookies.
post("/lingara/token") {
    val playerId = call.request.headers["X-Example-Player"] ?: return@post call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized)
    val minted = embed.mintToken(playerId, origin = "https://game.example")
    call.response.header(HttpHeaders.CacheControl, "no-store")
    call.respondText(tokenHandoff(minted), ContentType.Application.Json) // {"token":"lgr_et_…","expires_at":"…"}
}

Ruby

# POST /lingara/token, behind your own sign-in. Rate-limit it per session.
def self.token(env, server)
  player = env["warden"]&.user or return [401, {}, []]
  minted = server.mint_token(player.id.to_s, origin: "https://game.example")
  [200, {"content-type" => "application/json", "cache-control" => "no-store"}, [Lingara::Embed.token_handoff(minted)]]
end

PHP

use Lingara\Client;
use Lingara\Embed\EmbedServer;
use Lingara\Embed\TokenHandoff;

// Once, at startup. The credentials are your metered client's (lgr_ci_…,
// lgr_cs_…), from the environment; never ship them to a device.
function embedServer(\PDO $db): EmbedServer
{
    $client = new Client(
        clientId: getenv('LINGARA_CLIENT_ID') ?: null,
        clientSecret: getenv('LINGARA_CLIENT_SECRET') ?: null,
    );
    return new EmbedServer($client, new PdoPlayerDirectory($db));
}

// POST /lingara/token: your own route, behind your own login. Rate-limit it
// per session; every call is one mint.
function tokenRoute(EmbedServer $embed): void
{
    session_start();
    $playerId = $_SESSION['player_id'] ?? null;
    if (!is_string($playerId)) {
        http_response_code(401);
        return;
    }
    $minted = $embed->mintToken($playerId, origin: 'https://game.example');
    header('Content-Type: application/json');
    header('Cache-Control: no-store');
    echo TokenHandoff::body($minted); // {"token":"lgr_et_…","expires_at":"…"}
}

C#

// One EmbedServer for the process: it caches the client-credentials token.
var lingara = new EmbedServer(new EmbedServerOptions
{
    ClientId = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("LINGARA_CLIENT_ID")!,         // lgr_cid_…
    ClientSecret = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("LINGARA_CLIENT_SECRET")!, // lgr_cs_…, from your secret store
}, new SqlPlayerDirectory(db));

// Your own session says who the player is. Rate-limit this route per session.
app.MapPost("/lingara/token", async (ClaimsPrincipal user, CancellationToken ct) =>
{
    var playerRef = user.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier);
    if (playerRef is null)
    {
        return Results.Unauthorized();
    }

    // This page's origin, one of your client's embed origins. A game's server omits it.
    var minted = await lingara.MintTokenAsync(playerRef, new MintOptions { Origin = "https://game.example" }, ct);
    return Results.Text(TokenHandoff.Body(minted), "application/json"); // {"token":"lgr_et_…","expires_at":"…"}
}).RequireAuthorization().RequireRateLimiting("lingara-token");
Lenguaje del ejemplo de código

TypeScript

// From your own account-deletion path: revokes the player's tokens at
// Lingara, then forgets their rows. Deleting your own data stays yours.
export async function deleteAccount(userId: string): Promise<void> {
  await server.deletePlayer(userId)
}

Rust

// Revokes every token the player holds, then forgets their subjects.
// An unknown player is a success; on a failure the row is kept.
app.embed.delete_player(player_ref).await?;

Go

// From your own account-deletion path: revokes every token the player
// holds and forgets their subjects. An unknown player is a success.
if err := embed.DeletePlayer(r.Context(), playerRef); err != nil {
	var apiErr *lingara.APIError
	if errors.As(err, &apiErr) {
		return apiErr // the library's own error: Status, Code, RetryAfter
	}
	return err
}

Java

// From your account-deletion path: revokes every token the player holds and
// forgets their subjects. An unknown player is a success, so a retry is safe.
embed.deletePlayer(playerId);

Kotlin

// From your account-deletion path: revokes every token the player holds and
// forgets their subjects. An unknown player is a success, so a retry is safe.
embed.deletePlayer(playerId)

Ruby

# From your account-deletion path: revokes the player's tokens at Lingara
# and forgets their rows. An unknown player is a success.
def self.delete_account(server, player)
  server.delete_player(player.id.to_s)
end

PHP

use Lingara\Embed\EmbedServer;

// From your own account-deletion path: revokes the player's tokens at
// Lingara, then forgets their subjects. An unknown player is a success too,
// so a retry is safe; on a failure the rows are kept.
function deleteAccount(EmbedServer $embed, \PDO $db, string $playerId): void
{
    $embed->deletePlayer($playerId);
    $delete = $db->prepare('DELETE FROM players WHERE id = ?') ?: throw new \RuntimeException('cannot prepare');
    $delete->execute([$playerId]);
}

C#

// From your own account-deletion path: revokes the player's tokens at
// Lingara, then forgets their subjects. An unknown player is a success.
app.MapDelete("/account", async (ClaimsPrincipal user, CancellationToken ct) =>
{
    var playerRef = user.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier)!;
    await lingara.DeletePlayerAsync(playerRef, ct);
    // …then delete your own rows for this player.
    return Results.NoContent();
}).RequireAuthorization();
Lenguaje del ejemplo de código

TypeScript

// Your own table, beside your players:
//   CREATE TABLE lingara_players (player_ref TEXT NOT NULL, subject TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
//   CREATE INDEX ON lingara_players (player_ref);
class PlayerTable implements PlayerDirectory {
  async remember(playerRef: string, subject: string): Promise<void> {
    await db.query('INSERT INTO lingara_players (player_ref, subject) VALUES ($1, $2) ON CONFLICT (subject) DO UPDATE SET player_ref = $1', [playerRef, subject])
  }
  async playerRefFor(subject: string): Promise<string | undefined> {
    const rows = await db.query<{ player_ref: string }>('SELECT player_ref FROM lingara_players WHERE subject = $1', [subject])
    return rows[0]?.player_ref
  }
  async forget(playerRef: string): Promise<void> {
    await db.query('DELETE FROM lingara_players WHERE player_ref = $1', [playerRef])
  }
}

const directory = new PlayerTable()
const router = new PlayerRouter({ secrets: process.env.LINGARA_WEBHOOK_SECRET ?? '', directory })

// POST /lingara/webhook. Pass the raw body: the signature covers its bytes.
export async function webhook(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
  const body = new Uint8Array(await request.arrayBuffer())
  const status = await router.handle(body, request.headers, async ({ event, playerRef }) => {
    // Delivery is at least once: skip an event.id you have already seen.
    // Answer within 10 s; enqueue anything slow and return.
    if (playerRef !== null && event.type === 'practice.completed') await practiceJobs.enqueue(playerRef, event.id)
  })
  return new Response(null, { status })
}

Rust

// Every live secret: two during a rotation, so either one verifies.
let webhook = lingara::events::Webhook::with_secrets(env("LINGARA_WEBHOOK_SECRETS").split(','))?;
let router = PlayerRouter::new(webhook, players);

/// `POST /lingara/webhook`: the **raw** body, before any JSON parsing.
/// 204 handled, 401 a bad signature, 400 a malformed payload, 500 your
/// handler failed. Lingara redelivers every non-2xx; dedupe on the event id.
pub async fn webhook_route(State(app): State<AppState>, headers: HeaderMap, body: Bytes) -> StatusCode {
    let status = app
        .router
        .handle(&body, &headers, |routed| async move {
            match routed.player_ref {
                Some(player) => println!("{} for {player}", routed.event.event_type()),
                None => println!("{} for no player of ours", routed.event.event_type()),
            }
            Ok(()) // a slow handler enqueues and returns: delivery expects a 2xx within 10 s
        })
        .await;
    StatusCode::from_u16(status).unwrap_or(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
}

/// Your own store, beside your player rows: `player_ref`, and `subject`
/// with a unique index (a player who links an account owns two subjects).
pub struct SqlPlayerDirectory {
    pub pool: Arc<tokio::sync::Mutex<Vec<(String, String)>>>, // stands in for your database pool
}

impl PlayerDirectory for SqlPlayerDirectory {
    fn remember<'a>(&'a self, player_ref: &'a str, subject: &'a str) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<(), DirectoryError>> {
        // INSERT INTO lingara_players (player_ref, subject) VALUES ($1, $2)
        //   ON CONFLICT (subject) DO UPDATE SET player_ref = excluded.player_ref
        Box::pin(async move {
            let mut rows = self.pool.lock().await;
            rows.retain(|(_, s)| s != subject);
            rows.push((player_ref.to_string(), subject.to_string()));
            Ok(())
        })
    }

    fn player_ref_for<'a>(&'a self, subject: &'a str) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<Option<String>, DirectoryError>> {
        // SELECT player_ref FROM lingara_players WHERE subject = $1
        Box::pin(async move { Ok(self.pool.lock().await.iter().find(|(_, s)| s == subject).map(|(p, _)| p.clone())) })
    }

    fn forget<'a>(&'a self, player_ref: &'a str) -> BoxFuture<'a, Result<(), DirectoryError>> {
        // DELETE FROM lingara_players WHERE player_ref = $1
        Box::pin(async move {
            self.pool.lock().await.retain(|(p, _)| p != player_ref);
            Ok(())
        })
    }
}

Go

// lingara_players(player_ref TEXT NOT NULL, subject TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE),
// with a plain index on player_ref: one player may own several subjects.
type sqlPlayers struct{ db *sql.DB }

func (p sqlPlayers) Remember(ctx context.Context, playerRef, subject string) error {
	_, err := p.db.ExecContext(ctx, `INSERT INTO lingara_players (player_ref, subject) VALUES ($1, $2)
		ON CONFLICT (subject) DO UPDATE SET player_ref = excluded.player_ref`, playerRef, subject)
	return err
}

func (p sqlPlayers) PlayerRefFor(ctx context.Context, subject string) (string, bool, error) {
	var playerRef string
	err := p.db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `SELECT player_ref FROM lingara_players WHERE subject = $1`, subject).Scan(&playerRef)
	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
		return "", false, nil
	}
	return playerRef, err == nil, err
}

func (p sqlPlayers) Forget(ctx context.Context, playerRef string) error {
	_, err := p.db.ExecContext(ctx, `DELETE FROM lingara_players WHERE player_ref = $1`, playerRef)
	return err
}

// WebhookRoute is the webhook example.
func WebhookRoute(db *sql.DB) (http.HandlerFunc, error) {
	router, err := lingaraembed.NewPlayerRouter(sqlPlayers{db}, os.Getenv("LINGARA_WEBHOOK_SECRET"))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err // a malformed lgr_whsec_… fails here, at startup
	}
	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body) // the raw body: verify before parsing
		if err != nil {
			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
			return
		}
		w.WriteHeader(router.Handle(r.Context(), body, r.Header, onEvent))
	}, nil
}

func onEvent(ctx context.Context, routed lingaraembed.RoutedEvent) error {
	// Delivery is at least once: skip an event.Meta().ID you have seen.
	if e, ok := routed.Event.(lingara.PracticeCompleted); ok && routed.Known {
		slog.InfoContext(ctx, "practice completed", "player", routed.PlayerRef, "plan", e.Data.PlanID)
	}
	return nil // a returned error answers 500, and Lingara redelivers
}

Java

import com.getlingara.client.events.PracticeCompleted;
import com.getlingara.embed.server.PlayerDirectory;
import com.getlingara.embed.server.PlayerRouter;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpExchange;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Optional;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * Your player directory, beside your player rows:
 *
 * <pre>
 * CREATE TABLE lingara_players (player_ref TEXT NOT NULL, subject TEXT NOT NULL);
 * CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON lingara_players (subject);
 * CREATE INDEX ON lingara_players (player_ref);
 * </pre>
 */
public record JdbcPlayerDirectory(DataSource db) implements PlayerDirectory {
  @Override
  public void remember(String playerRef, String subject) {
    update(
        "INSERT INTO lingara_players (player_ref, subject) VALUES (?, ?)"
            + " ON CONFLICT (subject) DO UPDATE SET player_ref = excluded.player_ref",
        playerRef,
        subject);
  }

  @Override
  public Optional<String> playerRefFor(String subject) {
    try (Connection c = db.getConnection();
        PreparedStatement q =
            c.prepareStatement("SELECT player_ref FROM lingara_players WHERE subject = ?")) {
      q.setString(1, subject);
      try (ResultSet row = q.executeQuery()) {
        return row.next() ? Optional.of(row.getString(1)) : Optional.empty();
      }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("the player directory failed", e);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void forget(String playerRef) {
    update("DELETE FROM lingara_players WHERE player_ref = ?", playerRef);
  }

  private void update(String sql, String... values) {
    try (Connection c = db.getConnection();
        PreparedStatement q = c.prepareStatement(sql)) {
      for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
        q.setString(i + 1, values[i]);
      }
      q.executeUpdate();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("the player directory failed", e);
    }
  }
}

// Once, at startup: your webhook secret (lgr_whsec_…) from the environment.
// A malformed secret fails here, not on the first delivery.
PlayerRouter router =
    PlayerRouter.of(new JdbcPlayerDirectory(db), System.getenv("LINGARA_WEBHOOK_SECRET"));

// POST /lingara/webhook: hand handle() the raw bytes, before anything parses
// them, and send the status it returns with an empty body.
byte[] body = exchange.getRequestBody().readAllBytes();
int status =
    router.handle(
        body,
        exchange.getRequestHeaders(),
        routed -> {
          // Delivery is at least once: skip an event.id you have seen.
          if (routed.event() instanceof PracticeCompleted done
              && routed.playerRef().isPresent()) {
            award(routed.playerRef().get(), done);
          }
        });
exchange.sendResponseHeaders(status, -1);
exchange.close();

Kotlin

import com.getlingara.embed.server.kotlin.PlayerDirectory
import com.getlingara.embed.server.kotlin.PlayerRouter
import com.getlingara.kotlin.events.PracticeCompleted
import io.ktor.http.HttpStatusCode
import io.ktor.server.request.receive
import io.ktor.server.response.respond
import io.ktor.server.routing.Route
import io.ktor.server.routing.post
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import javax.sql.DataSource

/**
 * Your player directory, beside your player rows:
 *
 * ```sql
 * CREATE TABLE lingara_players (player_ref TEXT NOT NULL, subject TEXT NOT NULL);
 * CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON lingara_players (subject);
 * CREATE INDEX ON lingara_players (player_ref);
 * ```
 */
class JdbcPlayerDirectory(
    private val db: DataSource,
) : PlayerDirectory {
    override suspend fun remember(
        playerRef: String,
        subject: String,
    ) = update(
        "INSERT INTO lingara_players (player_ref, subject) VALUES (?, ?) " +
            "ON CONFLICT (subject) DO UPDATE SET player_ref = excluded.player_ref",
        playerRef,
        subject,
    )

    override suspend fun playerRefFor(subject: String): String? =
        withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
            db.connection.use { c ->
                c.prepareStatement("SELECT player_ref FROM lingara_players WHERE subject = ?").use { q ->
                    q.setString(1, subject)
                    q.executeQuery().use { row -> if (row.next()) row.getString(1) else null }
                }
            }
        }

    override suspend fun forget(playerRef: String) = update("DELETE FROM lingara_players WHERE player_ref = ?", playerRef)

    private suspend fun update(
        sql: String,
        vararg values: String,
    ) {
        withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
            db.connection.use { c ->
                c.prepareStatement(sql).use { q ->
                    values.forEachIndexed { i, v -> q.setString(i + 1, v) }
                    q.executeUpdate()
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

// Once, at startup: your webhook secret (lgr_whsec_…) from the environment.
// A malformed secret fails here, not on the first delivery.
val router = PlayerRouter(JdbcPlayerDirectory(db), System.getenv("LINGARA_WEBHOOK_SECRET"))

// POST /lingara/webhook: hand handle() the raw bytes, before anything parses
// them, and send the status it returns with an empty body.
post("/lingara/webhook") {
    val headers =
        call.request.headers
            .entries()
            .associate { it.key to it.value }
    val status =
        router.handle(call.receive<ByteArray>(), headers) { routed ->
            // Delivery is at least once: skip an event.id you have seen.
            val event = routed.event
            val playerId = routed.playerRef
            if (event is PracticeCompleted && playerId != null) award(playerId, event)
        }
    call.respond(HttpStatusCode.fromValue(status))
}

Ruby

# Your own table: CREATE TABLE lingara_players (player_ref TEXT NOT NULL,
# subject TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE); CREATE INDEX ON lingara_players (player_ref).
# Any object answering these three methods is a directory; this one is over
# Sequel (`db = Sequel.connect(ENV.fetch("DATABASE_URL"))`).
class PlayerTable
  def initialize(db)
    @rows = db[:lingara_players]
  end

  def remember(player_ref, subject)
    @rows.insert_conflict(target: :subject, update: {player_ref: player_ref})
      .insert(player_ref: player_ref, subject: subject)
  end

  def player_ref_for(subject)
    @rows.where(subject: subject).get(:player_ref)
  end

  def forget(player_ref)
    @rows.where(player_ref: player_ref).delete
  end
end

# POST /lingara/webhook. Pass the raw body: the signature covers its bytes.
def self.webhook(env, router)
  status = router.handle(env["rack.input"].read, env) do |routed|
    # Delivery is at least once: skip an event.id you have already seen.
    # Answer within 10 s; enqueue anything slow and return.
    PracticeJobs.enqueue(routed.player_ref, routed.event) if routed.player_ref
  end
  [status, {}, []]
end

PHP

use Lingara\Embed\PlayerDirectory;
use Lingara\Embed\PlayerRouter;
use Lingara\Embed\RoutedEvent;
use Lingara\Events\Generated\PracticeCompleted;
use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;

// POST /lingara/webhook, from any PSR-7 stack (or pass getallheaders()).
// Read the body exactly as received. handle() returns the status to send,
// with an empty body: 204, 401 a bad signature, 400 a malformed payload, 500
// your handler or directory threw. Lingara redelivers every non-2xx, and
// expects the 2xx within 10 s: enqueue slow work and return.
function webhookRoute(ServerRequestInterface $request, \PDO $db): int
{
    $router = new PlayerRouter(new PdoPlayerDirectory($db), getenv('LINGARA_WEBHOOK_SECRET') ?: '');
    return $router->handle((string) $request->getBody(), $request, static function (RoutedEvent $routed) use ($db): void {
        $event = $routed->event;
        if (!$event instanceof PracticeCompleted || $routed->playerRef === null) {
            return; // your own subject, a deleted player, or another type
        }
        // Delivery is at least once: deduplicate on the event's id.
        $insert = $db->prepare('INSERT INTO practice (event_id, player_id, plan_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?) ON CONFLICT (event_id) DO NOTHING')
            ?: throw new \RuntimeException('cannot prepare');
        $insert->execute([$event->id, $routed->playerRef, $event->data->getPlanId()]);
    });
}

// The directory, beside your players:
//   CREATE TABLE lingara_players (player_ref TEXT NOT NULL, subject TEXT NOT NULL);
//   CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON lingara_players (subject);
//   CREATE INDEX ON lingara_players (player_ref);
final class PdoPlayerDirectory implements PlayerDirectory
{
    public function __construct(
        private readonly \PDO $db,
    ) {}

    public function remember(string $playerRef, string $subject): void
    {
        $this->run('INSERT INTO lingara_players (player_ref, subject) VALUES (?, ?) '
            . 'ON CONFLICT (subject) DO UPDATE SET player_ref = excluded.player_ref', [$playerRef, $subject]);
    }

    public function playerRefFor(string $subject): ?string
    {
        $ref = $this->run('SELECT player_ref FROM lingara_players WHERE subject = ?', [$subject])->fetchColumn();
        return is_string($ref) ? $ref : null;
    }

    public function forget(string $playerRef): void
    {
        $this->run('DELETE FROM lingara_players WHERE player_ref = ?', [$playerRef]);
    }

    /** @param list<string> $args */
    private function run(string $sql, array $args): \PDOStatement
    {
        $statement = $this->db->prepare($sql) ?: throw new \RuntimeException('cannot prepare a statement');
        $statement->execute($args);
        return $statement;
    }
}

C#

public static partial class LingaraWebhook
{
    public static void MapLingaraWebhook(this WebApplication app, DbDataSource db)
    {
        // lgr_whsec_… from your secret store; pass both during a rotation.
        var router = new PlayerRouter(new SqlPlayerDirectory(db), Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("LINGARA_WEBHOOK_SECRET")!);

        app.MapPost("/lingara/webhook", async (HttpRequest request, CancellationToken ct) =>
        {
            using var body = new MemoryStream();
            await request.Body.CopyToAsync(body, ct); // the raw bytes: never a re-serialised object
            var status = await router.HandleAsync(body.ToArray(), name => request.Headers[name].FirstOrDefault(), async (routed, token) =>
            {
                // Delivery is at least once: skip an Event.Id you have seen. Enqueue
                // slow work and return, since Lingara expects a 2xx within 10 s.
                if (routed.PlayerRef is { } player && routed.Event.Type == "practice.completed")
                {
                    await SaveProgressAsync(db, player, routed.Event.Id, routed.Event.Data.GetRawText(), token);
                }
            }, ct);
            return Results.StatusCode(status); // 204, 400, 401 or 500, always with an empty body
        });
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Your player directory over your own database (PostgreSQL here):
/// <c>CREATE TABLE lingara_players (player_ref text NOT NULL, subject text PRIMARY KEY)</c>
/// with <c>CREATE INDEX ON lingara_players (player_ref)</c>. Unique on
/// <c>subject</c> only: a player who links an account owns two subjects.
/// </summary>
public sealed class SqlPlayerDirectory(DbDataSource db) : IPlayerDirectory
{
    public async ValueTask RememberAsync(string playerRef, string subject, CancellationToken ct = default)
    {
        await using var cmd = Command(db, "INSERT INTO lingara_players (player_ref, subject) VALUES ($1, $2) ON CONFLICT (subject) DO UPDATE SET player_ref = $1", playerRef, subject);
        await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync(ct);
    }

    public async ValueTask<string?> PlayerRefForAsync(string subject, CancellationToken ct = default)
    {
        await using var cmd = Command(db, "SELECT player_ref FROM lingara_players WHERE subject = $1", subject);
        return await cmd.ExecuteScalarAsync(ct) as string;
    }

    public async ValueTask ForgetAsync(string playerRef, CancellationToken ct = default)
    {
        await using var cmd = Command(db, "DELETE FROM lingara_players WHERE player_ref = $1", playerRef);
        await cmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync(ct);
    }

    internal static DbCommand Command(DbDataSource db, string sql, params string[] values)
    {
        var cmd = db.CreateCommand(sql);
        foreach (var value in values)
        {
            var p = cmd.CreateParameter();
            p.Value = value;
            cmd.Parameters.Add(p);
        }

        return cmd;
    }
}

Véase también